What Is Sensory Processing Disorder? A Parent's Guide

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) occurs when the brain has difficulty receiving, organizing, and responding to sensory information from the environment. This can affect how a child experiences touch, sound, sight, taste, smell, movement, and body awareness. Types of Sensory Processing Challenges: Sensory Over-Responsivity Children who are over-responsive may react strongly to sensory input that others barely notice. They might cover their ears at everyday sounds, refuse certain food textures, or become distressed by clothing tags. Sensory Under-Responsivity Under-responsive children may seem unaware of sensory input. They might not notice when their hands are dirty, may have a high pain tolerance, or appear lethargic. Sensory Seeking Some children actively seek intense sensory experiences—constantly touching objects, crashing into things, spinning, or making loud noises. How SPD Affects Daily Life: - Difficulty with transitions and changes in routine - Meltdowns in busy environments - Challenges with self-care tasks - Trouble sitting still for meals or schoolwork - Sleep difficulties - Social challenges The good news is that occupational therapy using sensory integration techniques can help children learn to process sensory information more effectively, leading to improved behavior, attention, and daily functioning.